August 23

is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining.

Events

upto 1899

farmers

1566 - Calvinists are granted rights in the Netherlands

1614 - The University_of_Groningen is established

1617 - In London, the first one-way street is established

1784 - Eastern Tennessee declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin; the step is rejected by Congress one year later

1821 - Mexico gains its independence from Spain

1833 - Slavery abolished in the British colonies

1839 - The UK captures Hong_Kong

1864 - The Union Navy captures Fort Morgan, Alabama, thus breaking Confederate dominance of all ports on the Gulf_of_Mexico

1866 - Austro-Prussian_War ends with the Treaty_of_Prague

1889 - First wireless message from a ship to the shore received

1900-1949

1904 - The automobile_tire_chain is patented

1914 - Japan declares war on Germany and bombs Qingdao, China

1923 - Edgar_F._Codd, founder of theory of relational_databases

1924 - The distance between Earth and Mars is the smallest since the 10th century

1927 - Italian anarchists Sacco_and_Vanzetti are executed

1939 - Germany and the Soviet_Union sign a non-aggression treaty, the Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact. In a secret addition to the pact, Poland is divided between the two nations

1940 - The Germans start bombing London

1942 - Beginning of the Battle_of_Stalingrad

1943 - Kharkov liberated

1944 - Marseilles liberated

1944 - The Romanian pro-Nazi government is dismissed. Romania switches sides from the Axis to the Allies

1944 - United_States_Air_Force B-24 Liberator bomber crashed and hit a school in Freckleton, England killing 61 people

1948 - World_Council_of_Churches is formed

1950-

1952 - The Arab_League goes into effect

begins with the People's_Liberation_Army's bombardment of Quemoy.

1960 - In Equatorial_Guinea, the world's largest frog (3.3 kg) is caught

1962 - First live television connection between the United_States and Europe, via the Telstar satellite

1966 - Lunar_Orbiter_1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon

1973 - The Intelsat communication satellite is launched

1975 - Successful Communist coup in Laos

1976 - A major earthquake in China kills thousands of people

1979 - Soviet dancer Alexander_Godunov defects to the United_States

1985 - Hans_Tiedge, top counter-spy of West_Germany, defects to East_Germany

1987 - Heavy rains and floods in Bangladesh kill hundreds of victims

, Latvia and Lithuania stood on the Vilnius-Tallinn road, holding hands

1990 - Saddam_Hussein appears on Iraqi state television with a number of Western "guests" (actually hostages to try to prevent the Gulf_War)

1990 - Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet_Union

1990 - West_Germany and East_Germany announce that they will unite on October_3

2000 - A Gulf_Air Airbus_A320 crashes into the Persian_Gulf near Manama,_Bahrain killing 143

Births

upto 1899

1754 - King Louis_XVI_of_France (d. 1792)

1769 - Georges_Cuvier, biologist, statesman

1783 - William_Tierney_Clark, civil_engineer (d. 1852)

1785 - Oliver_Hazard_Perry, US naval officer (Battle_of_Lake_Erie)

1829 - Moritz_Cantor, mathematician

1852 - Arnold_Toynbee, economist, social reformer

1864 - Eleftherios_Venizalos, prime minister of Greece (1910-1915, 1928-1932)

1869 - Edgar_Lee_Masters, author (d. 1950)

1875 - William_Eccles, radio pioneer

1883 - US General Jonathan Wainwright, Medal_of_Honor recipient

1900-1929

1900 - Ernst_Krenek, composer (d. 1991)

1901 - John_Sherman_Cooper, Senator from Kentucky (d. 1991)

1905 - Constant_Lambert, composer (d. 1951)

1912 - Gene_Kelly, dancer, actor (d. 1996)

1914 - Harold_Truscott, composer (d. 1992)

1917 - Tex_Williams, singer

1921 - Eadie_Del_Rubio (d. 1996), Elena_Del_Rubio (d. 2001), and Milly_Del_Rubio, the Del_Rubio_Triplets, singers, musicians, actresses

1922 - George_Kell, Baseball_Hall_of_Famer

1924 - Ephraim_Kishon, Israeli writer

1927 - Houari_Boumendienne, president of Algeria (1965-1978)

1927 - Dick_Bruna, illustrator

1929 - Vera_Miles, actress

1929 - Peter_Thompson, golfer

1930-

1930 - Michel_Rocard, Prime_Minister_of_France

1932 - Mark_Russell, comedian, musician, political commentator

1933 - Pete_Wilson, governor of California

1934 - Barbara_Eden, actress

1934 - Sonny_Jurgensen, professional football player

1936 - Henry_Lee_Lucas, serial_killer(† 2001)

1943 - Nelson_DeMille, novelist

1947 - Keith_Moon, singer, drummer (The_Who) (d. 1978)

1949 - Shelley_Long, actress

1949 - Rick_Springfield, singer, actor

1951 - Queen_Noor of Jordan

1951 - Akhmad_Kadyrov, President of Chechnya (d. 2004)

1952 - Vicky_Leandros, singer

1970 - Jay_Mohr, actor, comedian

1970 - River_Phoenix, actor (d. 1993)

1972 - Dave_Chappelle, actor, comedian

1978 - Kobe_Bryant, NBA basketball player

Deaths

93 - Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola, Roman governor of Britain

634 - Abu_Bakr, Muslim Caliph

1806 - Charles_Augustin_de_Coulomb, physicist

1813 - Alexander_Wilson, ornithologist

1926 - Rudolph_Valentino, actor

1927 - Nicola_Sacco and Bartolomeo_Vanzetti, murderers

1937 - Albert_Roussel, composer

1960 - Oscar_Hammerstein_II, lyricist

1962 - Hoot_Gibson, actor

1965 - John_Bata, shoe manufacturer

1966 - Francis_X._Bushman, actor

1982 - Stanford_Moore, biochemist

2001 - Peter_Maas, novelist

Holidays and observances

)

---- August_22 - August_24 - July_23 - September_23 -- listing of all days

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